Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net
1027-5606
1607-7938
11
6
2007
10.5194/hess-11-1771-2007
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1771/2007/
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1771/2007/hess-11-1771-2007.html
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1771/2007/hess-11-1771-2007.pdf
1771
1781
2007-11-16
Metal contamination budget at the river basin scale: an original Flux-Flow Analysis (F2A) for the Seine River
L. Lestel
M. Meybeck
D. R. Thévenot
Centre d'Histoire des Techniques et de l'Environnement, CNAM, case I-161, 5 rue du Vertbois, 75003 Paris, France
UMR Sisyphe 7619, Université P. et M. Curie, boite 105, 4 place Jussieu, 75006 Paris, France
Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche sur l'Eau, la Ville et l'Environnement (Cereve), UMR-MA 102, Université Paris 12 Val de Marne, Faculté de Sciences et Technologie, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
Material flow analysis and environmental contamination analysis are merged
into a Flux-Flow analysis (F2A) as illustrated for the metal circulation in
the Seine River catchment. F2A combines about 30 metal flows in the
anthroposphere (14 million people) and/or metal fluxes in the environment
(atmosphere, soils, and aquatic system) originating from two dozens of
sources. The nature and quality of data is very heterogeneous going from
downscaled national economic statistics to upscaled daily environmental
surveys.
<br><br>
A triple integration is performed: space integration over the catchment
(65 000 km<sup>2</sup>), time integration for the 1950–2000 trend analysed at
5 year resolution, and a conceptual integration resulting in two F2A
indicators.
<br><br>
Despite the various data sources an average metal circulation is established
for the 1994–2003 period and illustrated for zinc: (i) metal circulation in
the anthroposphere is now two orders of magnitude higher than river outputs,
(ii) long term metal storage, and their potential leaks, in soils,
wastedumps and structures is also orders of magnitude higher than present
river fluxes. Trend analysis is made through two F2A indicators, the per
capita excess load at the river outlet and the leakage ratio (excess
fluxes/metal demand). From 1950 to 2000, they both show a ten fold
improvement of metal recycling while the metal demand has increased by 2.5
to 5 for Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn, and the population by 50%.
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