<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/inc/hess/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1027-5606</issn>
		<eissn>1607-7938</eissn>
		<volume_number>11</volume_number>
		<issue_number>2</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2007</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/hess-11-725-2007</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/725/2007/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/725/2007/hess-11-725-2007.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/725/2007/hess-11-725-2007.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>725</start_page>
	<end_page>737</end_page>
	<publication_date>2007-01-17</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Skill and relative economic value of medium-range hydrological ensemble predictions</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>E. Roulin</name>
			<email>emmanuel.roulin@oma.be</email>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">A hydrological ensemble prediction system, integrating a water balance model
with ensemble precipitation forecasts from the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (EPS), is
evaluated for two Belgian catchments using verification methods borrowed
from meteorology. The skill of the probability forecast that the streamflow
exceeds a given level is measured with the Brier Skill Score. Then the value
of the system is assessed using a cost-loss decision model. The verification
results of the hydrological ensemble predictions are compared with the
corresponding results obtained for simpler alternatives as the one obtained
by using of the deterministic forecast of ECMWF which is characterized by a
higher spatial resolution or by using of the EPS ensemble mean.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> AMINAL &amp;ndash; afdeling Water, De Overstromingsvoorspeller van de Demer (in Dutch), edited by: Thomas, P., Brussels, 44 pp., 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Atger, F.: The skill of ensemble prediction systems, Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1941&amp;ndash;1953, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Bradley, A. A., Hashino, T., and Schwartz, S. S.: Distributions-oriented verification of probability forecasts for small data samples, Wea. Forecast., 18, 903&amp;ndash;917, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Bradley, A. A., Schwartz, S. S., and Hashino, T.: Distribution-oriented verification of ensemble streamflow predictions, J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 532&amp;ndash;545, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Brier, G. W.: Verification of forecasts expressed in terms of probability, Mon. Wea. Rev., 78, 1&amp;ndash;3, 1950. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Buizza, R., Hollingsworth, A., Lalaurette, F., and Ghelli, A.: Probabilistic predictions of precipitation using ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System, Wea. Forecast., 14, 168&amp;ndash;189, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Bultot, F. and Dupriez, G. L.: Conceptual hydrological model for an average-sized catchment area, J. Hydrol., 29, 251&amp;ndash;292, 1976. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Bultot, F. and Dupriez, G. L.: Daily effective evapotranspiration from a river basin, in: Casebook on Operational Assessment of Areal Evapotranspiration, Oper. Hydrol. Rep., 22, (WMO-No 635), 80&amp;ndash;105, 1985. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Clark, M. P. and Hay, L. E.: Use of medium-range numerical weather prediction model output to produce forecasts of streamflow, J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 15&amp;ndash;32, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Day, G. N.: Extended streamflow forecasting using NWSRFS, J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 111, 157&amp;ndash;170, 1985. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> de Roo, A., Gouweleeuw, B., Thielen, J., Bartholmes, J., Bongiannini-Cerlini, P., Todini, E., Bates, P. D., Horritt, M., Hunter, N., Beven, K., Pappenberger, F., Heise, E., Rivin, G., Hils, M., Hollingsworth, A., Holst, B., Kwadijk, J., Reggiani, P., Van Dijk, M., Sattler, K., and Sprokkereef, E.: Development of a European flood forecasting system, Int. J. River Basin Manage., 1, 49&amp;ndash;59, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Duan, Q., Sorooshian, S., and Gupta, V.: Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfall-runoff models, Water Resour. Res., 28, 1015&amp;ndash;1031, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Goodman, Ph.: NevProp software, version 3. Reno, NV, University of Nevada, http://brain.cs.unr.edu/publications/NevProp.zip, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Goswami, M., O&apos;Connor, K. M., Bhattarai, K. P., and Shamseldin, A. Y.: Assessing the performance of eight real-time updating models and procedures for the Brosna River, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 394&amp;ndash;411, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Gouweleeuw, B. T., Thielen J., Franchello, G., De Roo, A. P. J., and Buizza, R.: Flood forecasting using medium-range probabilistic weather prediction, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 365&amp;ndash;380, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Hamill, T. M. and Colucci, S. J.: Verification of the Eta-RSM short-range ensemble forecasts, Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1312&amp;ndash;1327, 1997.  </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Hamill, T., Whitaker, J. S., and Wei, X.: Ensemble reforecasting: improving medium-range forecast skill using retrospective forecasts, Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1434&amp;ndash;1447, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Katz, R. W. and Ehrendorfer, M.: Bayesian approach to decision making using ensemble weather forecasts, Wea. Forecast., 21, 220&amp;ndash;231, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Krzysztofowicz, R.: Bayesian theory of probabilistic forecasting via deterministic hydrologic model, Water Resour. Res., 35, 2739&amp;ndash;2750, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Molteni, F., Buizza, R., Palmer, T. N., and Petrogliatis, T.: The ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System: methodology and validation, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 73&amp;ndash;119, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Mullen, S. L. and Buizza, R.: Quantitative precipitation forecasts over the United States by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System, Mon. Wea. Rev. 129, 638&amp;ndash;663, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Murphy, A. H. and Winkler, R. L.: A general framework for forecast verification, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1330&amp;ndash;1338, 1987. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Murphy, A. H.: Forecast verification, in: Economic value of weather and climate forecasts, edited by: Katz, R. W. and Murphy, A. H., Cambridge University Press, London, 19&amp;ndash;74, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Naden, P. S.: Spatial variability in flood estimation for large catchments: the exploitation of channel network structure, Hydrol. Sci. J., 37, 53&amp;ndash;71, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Pappenberger, F., Beven, K. J., Hunter, N. M., Bates, P. D., Gouweleeuw, B. T., Thielen, J., and de Roo, A. P. J.: Cascading model uncertainty from medium range weather forecasts (10 days) through a rainfall-runoff model to flood inundation predictions within the European Flood Forecasting System (EFFS), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 381&amp;ndash;393, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Richardson, D. S.: Skill and relative economic value of ECMWF ensemble prediction system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 649&amp;ndash;667, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Richardson, D. S.: Measures of skill and value of ensemble prediction systems, their interrelationship and the effect of ensemble size, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 2473&amp;ndash;2489, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Roulin, E. and Vannitsem, S.: Skill of medium-range hydrological ensemble predictions, J. Hydrometeorol., 6, 729&amp;ndash;744, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Smith, L. A., Roulston, M. S., and von Hardenberg, J.: End to end ensemble forecasting: Towards evaluating the economic value of ensemble prediction system, ECMWF Tech. Memo. No 336, 29 pp., 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> Talagrand, O., Vautard, R., and Strauss, B.: Evaluation of probabilistic prediction systems, In Proceedings, Workshop on predictability, 20&amp;ndash;22 October 1997, ECMWF, Reading, UK, 1&amp;ndash;25, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Wilks, D. S.: Forecast value: prescriptive decision studies, in: Economic value of weather and climate forecasts, edited by: Katz, R. W. and Murphy, A. H., Cambridge University Press, London, 109&amp;ndash;145, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Zhu, Y., Toth, Z., Wobus, R., Richardson, D., and Mylne, K.: The economic value of ensemble-based weather forecasts, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 73&amp;ndash;83, 2002. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

