Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net
1027-5606
1607-7938
12
6
2008
10.5194/hess-12-1339-2008
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/12/1339/2008/
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/12/1339/2008/hess-12-1339-2008.html
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/12/1339/2008/hess-12-1339-2008.pdf
1339
1351
2008-12-12
On the comparison between the LISFLOOD modelled and the ERS/SCAT derived soil moisture estimates
G. Laguardia
giovanni.laguardia@jrc.it
S. Niemeyer
European Commission – DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Italy
In order to evaluate the reliability of the soil moisture product obtained
by means of the LISFLOOD hydrological model (De Roo et al., 2000), we
compare it to soil moisture estimates derived from ERS scatterometer data
(Wagner et al., 1999b).
<br><br>
Once evaluated the effect of scale mismatch, we calculate the root mean
square error and the correlation between the two soil moisture time series
on a pixel basis and we assess the fraction of variance that can be
explained by a set of input parameter fields that vary from elevation and
soil depth to rainfall statistics and missing or snow covered ERS images.
<br><br>
The two datasets show good agreement over large regions, with 90% of the
area having a positive correlation coefficient and 66% having a root mean
square error minor than 0.5 pF units. Major inconsistencies are located in
mountainous regions such as the Alps or Scandinavia where both the
methodologies suffer from insufficiently resolved land surface processes at
the given spatial resolution, as well as from limited availability of
satellite data on the one hand and the uncertainties in meteorological data
retrieval on the other hand.
Alfieri, L., Claps, P., D'Odorico, P., Laio, F., and Over T M.: An analysis of the soil moisture feedback on convective and stratiform precipitation, J.\ Hydrometeorol., 9(2), 280–291, 2008.
Avissar, R. and Pielke, R A.: A parameterization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology, Mon. Weather Rev., 117(10), 2113–2136, 1989.
Bartholomé, E., Belward, A S., Achard, F., Bartalev, S., Carmona-Moreno, C., Eva, H., Fritz, S., Gregoire, J.-M., Mayaux, P., and Stibig, H.-J.: GLC 2000: Global Land Cover mapping for the year 2000, EUR~20524~EN, available at: http://www-tem.jrc.it/glc2000/Publications/GLC2000%20EUR20524_report_v2.pdf, 2002.
Beljaars, A C M. and Viterbo, P.: Soil moisture-precipitation interaction: Experience with two land surface schemes, in: the ECMWF model, Global energy and water cycles, edited by: Browning, K. and Gurney, R., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 223–233, 1999.
Carlson, T N., Gillies, R R., and Schmugge, T J.: An interpretation of methodologies for indirect measurement of soil water content, Agric. Forest Meteorol., 77, 191–205, 1995.
Castelli, F., Entekhabi, D., and Caporali, E.: Estimation of surface heat flux and an index of soil moisture using adjoint-state surface energy balance, Water Resour. Res., 35(10), 3115–3125, 1999.
Castelli, F., Rodriguez-lturbe, I., and Entekhabi, D.: An analytical framework for the modeling of the spatial interaction between the soil moisture and atmosphere, J. Hydrol., 184(l), 19–34, 1996.
Ceballos, A., Scipal, K., Wagner, W., and MartÃnez-Fernández, J.: Validation of ERS scatterometer-derived soil moisture data in the central part of the Duero Basin, Spain, Hydrol. Process., 19, 1549–1566, 2005.
De~Lannoy, G J M., Houser, P R., Verhoest, N E C., Pauwels, V R N., and Gish, T J.: Upscaling of point soil moisture measurements to field averages at the OPE<sup>3</sup> test site, J. Hydrol., 343(1–2), 1–11, 2007.
De~Roo, A. and Thielen, J.: The European Flood Alert System, In: J. Thielen and A. De Roo (eds.), 2nd EFAS Workshop, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, 2004.
De~Roo, A P J., Odijk, M., Schmuck, G., Koster, E., and Lucieer, A.: Assessing the effects of land use changes on floods in the Meuse and Oder catchment, Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. B, 26(7–8), 593–599, 2001.
De~Roo, A P J., Wesseling, C G., and Van~Deurzen, W P A.: Physically based river basin modelling within a GIS: the LISFLOOD model, Hydrol.\ Process., 14, 1981–1992, 2000.
Ek, M B., Mitchell, K E., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Grunmann, P., Koren, V., Gayno, G., and Tarpley, J D.: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D22), 8851, 2003.
Engman, E T. and Chauhan, V.: Status of microwave soil moisture measurements with remote sensing, Remote Sens. Environ., 51(1), 189–198, 1995.
European Environment Agency: CORINE land cover 2000, available at: http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/dataservice/available2.asp?type=findkeyword&theme=clc2000 (last acces: December 2008), 2005.
European Soil Bureau Network and the European Commission: European Soil Database (v~2.0), EUR~19945~EN, 2004.
Ferranti, L. and Viterbo, P: The European Summer of 2003: sensitivity to soil water initial conditions, J. Climate, 19(15), 3659–3680, 2006.
Grayson, R B. and Western, A W.: Towards areal estimation of soil water content from point measurements: time and space stability of mean response, J. Hydrol., 207(1–2), 68–82, 1998.
Hirschi, M., Viterbo, P., and Seneviratne, S I.: Basin-scale water-balance estimates of terrestrial water storage variations from ECMWF operational forecast analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21401, doi:10.1029/2006GL027659, 2006.
Kite, G. and Droogers, P.: Comparing evapotranspiration estimates from satellites, hydrological models and field data, J. Hydrol., 229, 3–18, 2000.
Luo, L. and Wood, E. F.: Monitoring and predicting the 2007 U.S. drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22702, doi:10.1029/2007GL031673, 2007.
MartÃnez-Fernández, J., and Ceballos, A.: Mean soil moisture estimation using temporal stability analysis, J. Hydrol., 312(1–4), 28–38, 2005.
McVicar, T R. and Jupp, D L B.: The current and potential operational uses of remote sensing to aid decisions on drought exceptional circumstances in Australia: a review, Agric. Syst., 57(3), 399–468, 1998.
Niemeyer, S.: Modelling the surface energy balance on the regional scale with remote sensing and meteorological network data, European Commission, EUR~19 523, 260~pp., 2000.
Nishida, K., Nemani, R R., Glassy, J M., and Running, S W.: Development of an evapotranspiration index from Aqua/MODIS for monitoring surface moisture status, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 41(2), 493–501, 2003.
Parajka, J., Naeimi, V., Bl\"öschl, G., Wagner, W., Merz, R., and Scipal, K.: Assimilating scatterometer soil moisture data into conceptual hydrologic models at the regional scale, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 353–368, 2006.
Price, J C.: The potential of remotely sensed thermal infrared data to infer surface soil moisture and evaporation, Water Resour. Res., 16(4), 787–795, 1980.
Refsgaard, J C.: Towards a formal approach to calibration and validation of models using spatial data, in: Spatial patterns in catchment hydrology: observations and modelling, edited by: R. Grayson and G. Blöschl, Cambridge University Press, 329–354, 2000.
Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Vogel, G K., Rigon, R., Entekhabi, D., Castelli, F., and Rinaldo, A.: On the spatial organization of soil moisture fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(20), 2757–2760, 1995.
Scanlon, T M., Caylor, K K., Manfreda, S., Levin, S A., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.: Dynamic response of grass cover to rainfall variability: implications for the function and persistence of savanna ecosystems, Adv. Water Resour., 28, 291–302, 2005.
Schmugge, T J.: Applications of Passive Microwave Observations of Surface Soil Moisture, J. Hydrol., 212–213, 188–200, 1998.
Scipal, K., Naeimi, V., and Hasenauer, S.: Definition of Quality Flags, ASCAT Soil Moisture Report Series, No 7., Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vienna University of Technology, available at: http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/radar/ascat/report_series/07_Quality%20Flags_v2.0.pdf, (last access: December 2008), 2005.
Scipal, K., Scheffler, C., and Wagner, W.: Soil moisture-runoff relation at the catchment scale as observed with coarse resolution microwave remote sensing, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 173–183, 2005.
Scipal, K., Wagner, W., Trommler, M., and Naumann, K.: The Global Soil Moisture Archive 1992–2000 from ERS scatterometer data: first results, in: Proceedings of IGARRS'2002, Toronto, Canada, 24–28 June 2002, 2002.
Scipal, K.: Global soil moisture retrieval from ERS Scatterometer data, Ph.D. thesis, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, available at http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/radar/ascat/publ/0014.pdf (last access: December 2008), 2002.
Seneviratne, S I., Viterbo, P., Lüthi, D., and Schär, C.: Inferring changes in terrestrial water storage using ERA-40 reanalysis data: the Mississippi river basin, J. Climate, 17, 2039–2057, 2004.
Siebert, S., Döll, P., Feick, S., Frenken, K., and Hoogeveen, J.: Global map of irrigation areas version 4.0.1., University of Frankfurt (Main) and FAO, Rome, Italy, 2007.
Siebert, S., Hoogeveen, J., and Frenken, K.: Irrigation in Africa, Europe and Latin America. Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to Version~4, Frankfurt Hydrology Paper 05, University of Frankfurt (Main), Germany and FAO, Rome, Italy, available at: http://www.geo.uni-frankfurt.de/fb/fb11/ipg/ag/dl/f_publikationen/2006/FHP_05_Siebert_et_al_2006.pdf (last access: December 2008), 2006.
Starks, P J., Heathman, G C., Jackson, T J., and Cosh, M H.: Temporal stability of soil moisture profile, J. Hydrol., 324(1–4), 400–411, 2006.
Thielen, J., Bartholmes, J., Ramos, M.-H., and de~Roo, A.: The European Flood Alert System - Part 1: Concept and development, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.\ Discuss., 5, 257–287, 2008.
Vachaud, G., DeSilans, A P., Balabanis, P., and Vauclin, M.: Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49(4), 822–828, 1985.
Van~der~Knijff, J. and de~Roo, A.: LISFLOOD: Distributed Water Balance and Flood Simulation Model, JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, EUR~22166~EN/2, available at: http://natural-hazards.jrc.ec.europa.eu/downloads/pdf/ec_jrc_lisfloodUserManual_JvdK-AdR.pdf, 2008.
Verhoest, N E C., Lievens, H., Wagner, W., Álvarez-Mozos, J., Moran, M S., and Mattia, F.: On the soil roughness parameterization problem in soil moisture retrieval of bare surfaces from Synthetic Aperture Radar, Sensors, 8, 4213–4248, 2008.
Verstraeten, W W., Veroustraete, F., van~der~Sande, C J., Grootaers, I., and Feyen, J.: Soil moisture retrieval using thermal inertia, determined with visible and thermal spaceborne data, validated for European forests, Remote Sens. Environ., 101, 299–314, 2006.
Wagner, W., Lemoine, G., Borgeaud, M., and Rott, H.: A study of vegetation cover effects on ERS scatterometer data, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 37(2), 938–948, 1999a.
Wagner, W., Lemoine, G., and Rott, H.: A method for estimating soil moisture from ERS scatterometer and soil data, Remote Sens. Environ., 70(2), 191–207, 1999b.
Wagner, W., Scipal, K., Pathe, C., Gerten, D., Lucht, W., and Rudolf, B.: Evaluation of the agreement between the first global remotely sensed soil moisture data with model and precipitation data, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 4611, doi:10.1029/2003JD003663, 2003.
Wagner, W. and Scipal, K.: Large-scale soil moisture mapping in Western Africa using the ERS scatterometer, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 38, 1777–1782, 2000.
Wagner, W.: Soil moisture retrieval from ERS Scatterometer Data, Ph.D.\ thesis, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, available at http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/radar/ascat/publ/0015.pdf, 1998.
Western, A W. and Blöschl, G.: On the spatial scaling of soil moisture, J. Hydrol., 217(3–4), 203–224, 1999.
Wösten, J H M., Lilly, A., Nemes, A., and Le~Bas, C.: Development and use of a database of hydraulic properties of European soils, Geoderma, 90(3), 169–185, 1999.