<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/inc/hess/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1027-5606</issn>
		<eissn>1607-7938</eissn>
		<volume_number>13</volume_number>
		<issue_number>7</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2009</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/hess-13-1103-2009</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/13/1103/2009/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/13/1103/2009/hess-13-1103-2009.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/13/1103/2009/hess-13-1103-2009.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>1103</start_page>
	<end_page>1111</end_page>
	<publication_date>2009-07-09</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Recent advances on the study of atmosphere-land interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1,2">
			<name>Y. Ma</name>
			<email>ymma@itpcas.ac.cn</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>Y. Wang</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1">
			<name>R. Wu</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="2">
			<name>Z. Hu</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="1">
			<name>K. Yang</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="6" affiliations="2">
			<name>M. Li</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="7" affiliations="2">
			<name>W. Ma</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="8" affiliations="1">
			<name>L. Zhong</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="9" affiliations="2">
			<name>F. Sun</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="10" affiliations="1">
			<name>X. Chen</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="11" affiliations="1">
			<name>Z. Zhu</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="12" affiliations="1">
			<name>S. Wang</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="13" affiliations="3">
			<name>H. Ishikawa</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">As a unique geological and geographical unit, the Tibetan Plateau
dramatically impacts the world&apos;s environment and especially controls
climatic and environmental changes in China, Asia and even in the Northern
Hemisphere. Tibetan Plateau, therefore, provides a field laboratory for
studying global change. With support from various agencies in the People&apos;s
Republic of China, a Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP) is now
implementing. Firstly the background of the establishment of the TORP, the
establishing and monitoring plan of long-term scale (5–10 years) of the TORP
has been introduced. Then the preliminary observational analysis results,
such as the characteristics of land surface heat fluxes and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux
partitioning (diurnal variation and inter-monthly variation etc.), the
characteristics of atmospheric and soil variables, the structure of the
Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) and the turbulent characteristics have also
been shown in this paper.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Asanuma, J., Ishikawa H., Tamagawa, I., Ma, Y., Hayashi, T., Qi, Y., and Wang, J.: Application of the band-pass covariance technique to portable flux measurements over the Tibetan Plateau, Water Resour. Res., 41, W09407, doi:10.1029/2005WR003954, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Chen, X., Ma, Y., Sun, F., Li, M., and Wang, S.: The rainy season character of tropsphere at Mt. Qomolangma Region, Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1280–1286, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Chen, X., Ma, Y., Li, M., Ma, W., and Wang, H.: Analyses on near surface layer atmospheric characteristics and soil features in northern Tibetan Plateau, Plateau Meteorology, 27(5), 941–948, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Choi, T., Hong, J., Kim, J., Lee, H., Asanuma, J., Ishikawa, H., Tsukamoto, O., Gao, Z., Ma, Y., Ueno, K., Wang, J., Koike, T., and Yasunari, T.: Turbulent exchange of heat, water vapor, and momentum over a Tibetan prairie by eddy covariance and flux variance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21106, doi:10.1029/2004JD004767, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Hong, J., Choi, T., and Kim, J.: Turbulence structures in the near-neutral surface layer on the Tibetan Plateau, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15106, doi:10.1029/2004GL019935, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Ishikawa, H., Tanaka, K., Oku, Y., Ma, Y., Hu, Z., Li, M., and Ma, W.: Surface flux estimation using in situ measurement, Adv. Earth Sci., 21(12), 1237–1243, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Li, M., Ma, Y., Ma, W., Hu, Z., Ishikawa, H., Su, Z., and Sun, F.: Analysis of turbulence characteristics over the northern Tibetan Plateau area, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 23(4), 579–585, 2006a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Li, M., Ma, Y., Zhong, L., and Lu, S.: Preliminary analysis on near surface radiation budget in the region of Mt Qomolangma in April and May~2005, Plateau Meteorology, 25(6), 1008–1013, 2006b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Li, M., Dai, Y., Ma, Y., Zhong, L., and Lu, S.: Analysis on structure of atmospheric boundary layer and energy exchange of surface layer over mount Qomolangma region, Plateau Meteorology, 25(5), 807–813, 2006c. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Li, M., Ma, Y., Ishikawa, H., Ma, W., Sun, F., Wang, Y., and Zhu, Z.: Characteristics of micrometeorological elements near surface and soil on the northern slope of Mt Qomolangma area, Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1263–1268, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Li, M., Ma, Y., Wang, Y., Sun, L., Zhao, Y., and Lu, Y.: Characteristics of micrometeorology and exchange of surface energy in the Namco region, Plateau Meteorology, 27(4), 727–732, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Liu, H., Feng, J., Zou, H., and Li, A.: Turbulent Characteristics of the Surface Layer in Rongbuk Valley on the Northern Slope of Mt Qomolangma., Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1151–1161, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Ma, W. and Ma, Y.: The annual variations on land surface energy in the northern Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Geol., 50, 645–650, doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0238-9, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Ma, W., Dai, Y., Ma, Y., Sun, F., Li, M., Zhong, L., and Wang, Y.: Seasonal variations of land surface radiation budget and energy on northern slope of Mt.Qomolangma area, Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1237–1243, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Ma, Y. and Tsukamoto, O.: Combining satellite remote sensing with field observations for land surface heat fluxes over inhomogeneous landscape, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, China, 172 pp., 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Tsukamoto, O., Wang, J., Ishikawa, H., and Tamagawa, I.: Analysis of aerodynamic and thermodynamic parameters over the grassy marshland surface of Tibetan Plateau, Prog. Nat. Sci., 12(1), 36–40, 2002a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Ma, W., Hu, Z., Li, M., Wang, J., Ishikawa, H., and Tsukamoto, O.: Similarity analysis of atmospheric turbulent intensity over grassland surface of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Plateau Meteorology, 21(5), 514–517, 2002b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Su, Z., Koike, T., Yao, T., Ishikawa, H., Ueno, K., and Menenti, M.: On measuring and remote sensing surface energy partitioning over the Tibetan Plateau-from GAME/Tibet to CAMP/Tibet, Phys. Chem. Earth, 28, 63–74, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Fan, S., Ishikawa, H., Tsukamoto, O., Yao, T., Koike, T., Zuo, H., Hu, Z., and Su, Z.: Diurnal and inter-monthly variation of land surface heat fluxes over the central Tibetan Plateau area, Theoretical Appl. Climatol., 80, 259–273, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Yao, T., and Wang, J.: Experimental study of energy and water cycle in Tibetan Plateau-The progress introduction on the study of GAME/Tibet and CAMP/Tibet, Plateau Meteorology, 25(2), 344–351, 2006a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Zhong, L., Su, Z., Ishikawa, H., Menenti, M., and Koike, T.: Determination of regional distributions and seasonal variations of land surface heat fluxes from Landsat-7 Ehanced Thematic Mapper data over the central Tibetan Plateau area, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10305, doi:10.1029/2005JD006742, 2006b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Ma, Y., Menenti, M., Feddes, R., and Wang, J.: Analysis of the land surface heterogeneity and its impact on atmospheric variables and the aerodynamic and thermodynamic roughness lengths, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08113, doi:10.1029/2007JD009124, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing the atmospheric near the ground, Akad Nauk SSR., Geophiz Inst., 24(151), 163–187, 1954. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Qiu, J.: The third pole, Nature, 454, 393–396, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Su, Z., Zhang, T., Ma, Y., Jia, L., and Wen, J.: Energy and water cycle over the Tibetan Plateau: surface energy balance and turbulent heat fluxes, Adv. Earth Sci., 21(12), 1224–1236, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Sun, F., Ma, Y., Ma, W., and Li, M.: One observational study on atmospheric boundary layer structure in Mt Qomolangma region, Plateau Meteorology, 25(6), 1014–1019, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Sun, F., Ma, Y., Li, M., Ma, W., Tian, H., and Metzge, S.: Boundary layer effects above a Himalayan valley near Mount Everest, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08808, doi:10.1029/2007GL029484, 2007a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Sun, F. and Ma, Y.: Characteristics of local circulation in a Himalayan valley on the northern slop of Mt Qomolangma, Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1187–1190, 2007b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Tanaka, K., Ishikawa, H., Hayashi, T., Tamagawa, I., and Ma, Y.: Surface energy budget at Amdo on the Tibetan Plateau using GAME/Tibet IOP98~data, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79(1B), 505–517, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> Wang, J. and Mitsuta, Y.: Turbulence structure and transfer characteristics in the surface layer of the HEIFE Gobi area, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69(5), 587–593, 1991. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Wang, S. and Ma,Y.: The Structure of Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Mount Qomolangma in Summer, Journal Glaciol. Geocryol., 30(4), 681–687, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Xu, X., Zhou, M., Chen, J., Bian, L., Zhang, G., Liu, H., Li, S., Zhang, H., Zhao, Y., Suolongduoji, and Wang, J.: A comprehensive physical pattern of land-air dynamic and thermal structure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Science in China (D), 32, 577–594, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text"> Yanai, M., Li, C. Y., and Song, Z.: Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects on the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 319–351, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text"> Yang, K., Koike, T., and Yang, D.: Surface Flux Parameterization in the Tibetan Plateau, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 106(2), 245–262, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="35" content_type="text"> Yang, K., Koike, T., Fujii, H., Tamura, T., Xu, X., Bian, L., and Zhou, M.: The daytime evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer and convection over the Tibetan Plateau: Observations and Simulations, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 1777–1792, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="36" content_type="text"> Yang, K., Koike, T., Ishikawa, H., Kim, J., Li, X., Liu, H., Liu, S., Ma, Y., and Wang, J.: Turbulent flux transfer over bare-soil Surfaces: characteristics and parameterization, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46, 276–290, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="37" content_type="text"> Ye, D. and Gao, Y.: The Meteorology of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Science Press, Beijing, 278~pp., 1979. </reference>
		<reference numeration="38" content_type="text"> Ye, D.: Some characteristics of the summer circulation over the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau and its neighborhood, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 62, 14–19, 1981. </reference>
		<reference numeration="39" content_type="text"> Ye, D. and Wu, G.: The role of the heat source of the Tibetan Plateau in the General circulation, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 67, 181–198, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="40" content_type="text"> Zhang, Q., Zhu, B., Zhu, F., Wang, D., Sun, G., Lu, J., Peng, Y., and Wang, Y.: Advances in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorology, The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorological Experiment (1979) and Research, Science Press, 268pp., 1988. </reference>
		<reference numeration="41" content_type="text"> Zhao, Y., Ma, Y., Ma, W., Li, M., Sun, F., Wang, L., and Xiang, M.: Variations of soil temperature and soil moisture in northern Tibetan Plateau, J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 29(4), 578–583, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="42" content_type="text"> Zhong, L., Ma, Y., Su, Z., Liu, X., Li, M., Ma, W., and Wang, Y.: Atmospheric turbulence and land-atmosphere energy transfer characteristics in the surface layer of the northern slope of Mt Qomolangma area, Adv. Earth Sci., 21(12), 1293–1303, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="43" content_type="text"> Zhong, L., Ma, Y., and Li, M.: An analysis of atmospheric turbulent and energy transfer characteristics of surface layer over Rongbu Valley of Mt Qomolangma area, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 31(1), 48–56, 2007a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="44" content_type="text"> Zhong, L., Ma, Y., Su, Z., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., and Zhu, Z.: Variation characteristics of meteorological elements, radiation and energy budget components before and after the rainy season in the surface layer of Mt Qomolangma area, Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1269–1275, 2007b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="45" content_type="text"> Zhu, Z., Ma, Y., Li, M., and Zhong, L.: Diurnal and seasonal variations of carbon dioxide over the alpine meadow ecosystem on the northern slope of the Qomolangma, Plateau Meteorology, 26(6), 1300–1304, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="46" content_type="text"> Zuo, H., Hu, Y., Li, D., Lu, S., and Ma, Y.: Seasonal transition and its boundary characteristics in Anduo area of Tibetan Plateau, Prog. Nat. Sci., 15(3), 239–245, 2005. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

