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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1027-5606</issn>
		<eissn>1607-7938</eissn>
		<volume_number>13</volume_number>
		<issue_number>1</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2009</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/hess-13-27-2009</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/13/27/2009/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/13/27/2009/hess-13-27-2009.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/13/27/2009/hess-13-27-2009.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>27</start_page>
	<end_page>40</end_page>
	<publication_date>2009-01-23</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Simulating typhoon-induced storm hydrographs in subtropical mountainous watershed: an integrated 3-layer TOPMODEL</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>J.-C. Huang</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1,2">
			<name>T.-Y. Lee</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1,3">
			<name>S.-J. Kao</name>
			<email>sjkao@gate.sinica.edu.tw</email>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">A three-layer TOPMODEL is constructed by integrating diffusion wave approach
into surface flow, soil moisture deficit into inter flow and exponential
recession curve function into base flow. A subtropical mountainous watershed,
Heng-Chi, and 22 rain storms with various rainfall types and wide ranges of
total rainfall (from 81 to 1026 mm) were applied. The global best-fitted
parameter set gives an average efficient coefficient of 82% for calibration
and 80% for validation. Sensitivity analysis reveals that soil
transmissivity dominates the discharge volume and recession coefficient
dominates the hydrograph shape in TOPMODEL framework. Over 90% observed
discharges of validation events falls within the 90% confidence interval
derived form calibration events. The resembling performances between
calibration and validation as well as good results of the confidence interval
demonstrate the capability of 3-layer TOPMODEL on simulating cyclones with
various rainfall intensity and pattern in subtropical watershed. Meanwhile,
the upper confidence limit is suggested preferably when considering flood
assessment.</abstract>
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</article>

