Bärenbold, F., Boehrer, B., Grilli, R., Mugisha, A., von Tümpling, W., Umutoni,
A., and Schmid, M.: Updated dissolved gas concentrations in Lake Kivu from an intercomparison project, in review, 2019.
Boehrer, B. and Schultze, M.: Stratification of lakes, Rev. Geophys., 46, RG2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006RG000210, 2008.
Boehrer, B., Yusta, I., Magin, K., and Sanchez-España, J.: Quantifying,
assessing and removing the extreme gas load from meromictic Guadiana pit
lake, Southwest Spain, Sci. Total Environ., 563–564, 486–477, 2016.
Boehrer, B., von Rohden, C., and Schultze, M.: Physical features of
meromictic lakes: stratification and circulation, in: Ecology of meromictic lakes. Ecological
Studies 228, edited by: Gulati, R. D., Zadereev,
E. S., and Degermendzhi, A. G., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, New York, USA, 15–34, 2017.
Borges, A. V., Abril, G., Delille, B., Descy, J.-P., and Darchambeau, F.: Diffusive
methane emissions to the atmosphere from Lake Kivu, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G03032, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001673, 2011.
Cai, W.-J. and Wang, Y.: The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide
in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 657–668, 1998.
Damas, H.: Quelques caractères écologiques de trois lacs
équatoriaux: Kivu, Edouard, Ndalaga, Ann. Soc. Roy. Zool. Bel., 68, 121–135, 1937.
Degens, E. T., Deuser, W. G., von Herzen, R. P., Wong, H.-K., Wooding, F. B., Jannasch, H. W., and
Kanwisher, J. W.: Lake Kivu expedition: Geophysics, hydrography,
sedimentology. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Report 71-52, Woods Hole, MA, USA, 1971.
Degens, E. T., von Herzen, R. P., Wong, H.-K., Deuser, W. G., and Jannasch, H. W.: Lake
Kivu: structure, chemistry and biology of an East African Rift Lake, Geol. Rundsch., 62, 245–277, 1973.
Grilli, R., Marrocco, N., Desbois, T., Guillerm, C., Triest, J., Kerstel, E., and Romanini, D.: Invited Article?: SUBGLACIOR: An optical analyzer embedded in an
Antarctic ice probe for exploring the past climate, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 85, 1–8, 2014.
Grilli, R., Triest, J., Chappellaz, J., Calzas, M., Desbois, T., Jansson, P.,
Guillerm, C., Ferré, B., Lechevallier, L., Ledoux, V., and Romanini, D.:
SUB-OCEAN: subsea dissolved methane measurements using an embedded laser
spectrometer technology, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 10543–10551, 2018.
Gulati, R. D., Zadereev, E. S., and Degermendzhi, A. G. (Eds.): Ecology of
meromictic lakes. Ecological Studies 228, Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany,
New York, USA, 2017.
Horn, C., Metzler, P., Ullrich, K., Koschorreck, M., and Boehrer, B.: Methane
storage and ebullition in monimolimnetic waters of polluted mine pit lake
Vollert-Sued, Germany, Sci. Total Environ., 584–585, 1–10, 2017.
Kling, G. W., Clark, M. A., Compton, H. R., Devinee, J. D., Evans, W. C.,
Humphrey, A. M., Koenigsberg, E. J., Lockwood, J. P., Tuttle, M. L., and Wagner,
G. N.: The 1986 Lake Nyos disaster in Cameroon, West Africa, Science, 236, 169–175, 1987.
Koschorreck, M., Henschel, I., and Boehrer B.: Oxygen ebullition from
lakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 9372–9378, 2017.
Kusakabe, M.: Evolution of CO2 Content in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, and
Sub-lacustrine CO2-Recharge System at Lake Nyos as Envisaged from CO2∕3He
Ratios and Noble Gas Signatures, in: Volcanic Lakes. Advances in Volcanology, edited by: Rouwet, D., Christenson, B., Tassi, F., and Vandemeulebrouck, J., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36833-2_19, 2015.
Moreira, S., Schultze, M., Rahn, K., and Boehrer, B.: A practical approach to lake water density from electrical conductivity and temperature, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2975–2986, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2975-2016, 2016.
Murray, C. N. and Riley, J. P.: The solubility of gases in distilled water and
sea water – IV, carbon dioxide, Deep-Sea Res., 18, 533–541, 1971.
Pasche, N., Schmid, M., Vazquez, F., Schubert, C. J., Wüest, A., Kessler, J. D., Pack, M. A., Reeburgh, W. S., and Bürgmann, H.: Methane sources and sinks in Lake
Kivu, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 116, G03006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001690, 2011.
Roland, F. A. E., Morana, C., Darchambeau, F., Crowe, S. A., Thamdrup, B., Descy, J.-P., and Borges,
A. V.: Anaerobic methane oxidation and aerobic methane production in an
east African great lake (Lake Kivu), Chemosphere, 168, 756–764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2018.04.003, 2018.
Ross, K. A., Gashugi, E., Gafasi, A., Wüest, A., and Schmid, M.: Characterisation
of the Subaquatic Groundwater Discharge That Maintains the Permanent
Stratification within Lake Kivu; East Africa, PLoS ONE, 10, e0121217, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121217, 2015.
Sánchez-España, J.,
Boehrer, B., and Yusta, I.: Extreme carbon dioxide concentrations in
acidic pit lakes provoked by water/rock interaction, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
48, 4273–4281, 2014.
Sander, R.: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4399–4981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4399-2015, 2015.
Schmid, M. and Wüest, A.: Stratification, mixing and transport
processes in Lake Kivu, in: Lake
Kivu, edited by: Descy, J.-P., Darchambeau, F., and Schmid, M., Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, New York, USA, 13–29, 2012.
Schmid, M., Tietze, K., Halbwachs, M., Lorke, A., McGinnis, D., and Wüest, A.:
How hazardous is the gas accumulation in Lake Kivu? Arguments for a risk
assessment in light of the Nyiragongo Volcano eruption of 2002, Acta Vulcanologica, 14/15, 115–121, 2004.
Schmid, M., Halbwachs, M., Wehrli, B., and Wüest, A.: Weak mixing in Lake
Kivu: New insights indicate increasing risk of uncontrolled gas eruption, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 6, Q07009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000892, 2005.
Schmid, M., Bärenbold, F., Boehrer, F., Darchambeau, F., Grilli, R., Triest, J., and von
Tümpling, W.: Intercalibration Campaign for Gas Concentration
Measurements in Lake Kivu, Report prepared for the Lake Kivu Monitoring
Programme (LKMP) of the Energy Development Corporation Limited (EDCL),
Kigali, Rwanda, 2019.
Schmitz, D. M. and Kufferath, J.: Problèmes posés par la présence
de gaz dissous dans les eaux profondes du lac Kivu, Bulletin des Séances de l' Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales, 1, 326–356, 1955.
Sigurdsson, H., Devine, J. D., Tchoua, F. M., Presser, T. S., Pringle, M. K. W., and
Evans, W. C.: Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun,
Cameroon, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 31, 1–16, 1987.
Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Tedesco, D., Montegrossi, G., Darrah, T., Cuoco, E., Mapendano,
M. Y., Poreda, R., and Delgado Huertas, A.: Water and gas chemistry at Lake Kivu
(DRC): Geochemical evidence of vertical and horizontal heterogeneities in a
multibasin structure, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, Q02005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002191, 2009.
Tietze, K.: Geophysikalische Untersuchung des Kivusees und seiner
ungewöhnlichen Methangaslagerstätte – Schichtung, Dynamik und
Gasgehalt des Seewassers, PhD Thesis,
Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany, 150 pp., 1978.
Tietze, K., Geyh, M., Müller, H., and Schröder, L.: The genesis of
methane in Lake Kivu (Central Africa), Geol. Rundsch., 69, 452–472, 1980.
Tuttle, M. L., Lockwood, J. P., and Evans, W. C.: Natural hazards associated with
Lake Kivu and adjoining areas of the Birunga volcanic field, Rwanda and
Zaire, Central Africa, USGS, Denver CO, USA, 90–691, 1990.
Wüest, A., Jarc, L., Bürgmann, H., Pasche, N., and Schmid, M.: Methane
formation and future extraction in Lake Kivu, in: Lake Kivu: Limnology and biogeochemistry of a unique tropical lake, edited by: Descy, J. P., Darchambeau, F., and Schmid, M., Aquatic Ecology Series, Springer Doordrecht Heidelberg New York London , 165–180, 2012.